Inhibitors that are used to characterize retrograde signalling pathways therefore have similar general effects on cellular redox state and gene expression.
Wild-type plants experiencing HL had higher leaf ascorbate, anthocyanin, and xanthophyll pigments than under LL.
وأكدت الشابة الاستقلالية، أنها ستعمل على أن تكون صوت شباب المدينة في مجلس جماعة تطوان، ولن تدخر أي جهد من أجل تمثيلهم بأحسن ما يجب.
While both low ascorbate mutants had lower levels of non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll a fluorescence NPQ than the wild type under HL, qPd values were greater only in vtc2-1 leaves.
All the chloroplast and mitochondrial inhibitors increased the degree of oxidation in the nuclei and cytosol.
However, inhibitor-induced oxidation was less marked in stomatal guard cells than in epidermal or root cells.